Identification of Intelligent Controls in Developing Anti-Lock Braking System

This paper presents about the development of an Antilock Braking System (ABS) using quarter vehicle model and a control structure is developed to represents an ABS and conventional braking model. Different type of controllers is proposed to develop the ABS model. Antilock braking system (ABS) is an important part in vehicle system to produce additional safety for driver. This system is known as one of the automobile’s active safety. In general, Antilock braking systems have been developed to reduce tendency for wheel lock and improve vehicle control during sudden braking especially on slippery road surfaces. In this paper, to deal with the strong nonlinearity in the design of ABS controller, an intelligent controller has been identified. The controllers such as PID and Fuzzy Logic are proposed to control the stopping distance and longitudinal slip of the wheel. Comparison results between these two controllers generated using Matlab SIMULINK

Identification of Intelligent Controls in Developing Antilock Braking System

This paper presents about the development of an Antilock Braking System (ABS) using quarter vehicle model and a control structure is developed to represents an ABS and conventional braking model. Different type of controllers is proposed to develop the ABS model. Antilock braking system (ABS) is an important part in vehicle system to produce additional safety for driver. This system is known as one of the automobile’s active safety. In general, Antilock braking systems have been developed to reduce tendency for wheel lock and improve vehicle control during sudden braking especially on slippery road surfaces. In this paper, to deal with the strong nonlinearity in the design of ABS controller, an intelligent controller has been identified. The controllers such as PID and Fuzzy Logic are proposed to control the stopping distance and longitudinal slip of the wheel. Comparison results between these two controllers generated using Matlab SIMULINK

Development and verification of a 9-DOF armored vehicle model in the lateral and longitudinal directions

This manuscript presents the development of an armored vehicle model in lateral and longitudinal directions. A Nine Degree of Freedom (9-DOF) armored vehicle model was derived mathematically and integrated with an analytical tire dynamics known as Pacejka Magic Tire model. The armored vehicle model is developed using three main inputs of a vehicle system which are Pitman arm steering system, Powertrain system and also hydraulic assisted brake system. Several testings in lateral and longitudinal direction are performed such as double lane change, slalom, step steer and sudden acceleration and sudden braking to verify the vehicle model. The armored vehicle model is verified using validated software, CarSim, using HMMWV vehicle model as a benchmark. The verification responses show that the developed armored vehicle model can be used for both lateral and longitudinal direction analysis

Modeling and validation of electronic wedge brake mechanism for vehicle safety system

This paper presents the performance characteristic of an electronic wedge brake (EWB) mechanism for a vehicle braking system. Based on a Gaussian cumulative distribution method, a non-parametric model, using Bell-Shaped curve method has been proposed in this study to characterize the behavior of an actual EWB mechanism. Therefore, a brake test rig has been developed to investigate the performance of the Bell-Shaped curve model. For the purpose of validation of EWB, an electronic control unit (ECU) which consists of microcontroller unit (MCU), H-Bridge driver and opto-coupler is designed to control the EWB’s pinion according to the given rotational input during the experiment. The response measured throughout the experiment is the gapping displacement of the brake piston, clamping force and also brake torque of the EWB mechanism. The responses of the actual EWB mechanism obtained from the experiment are compared with the proposed Bell-Shaped curve. The result of the study shows that the response of the Bell-Shaped curve model closely follows the response of a real EWB actuator in term of clamping force and brake torque with percentage of errors less than 10%

Development Of Antilock Braking System Based On Various Intelligent Control System

This paper presents about the development of an Antilock Braking System (ABS) using quarter vehicle model and control the ABS using different type of controllers. Antilock braking system (ABS) is an important part in vehicle system to produce additional safety for drivers. In general, Antilock braking systems have been developed to reduced tendency for wheel lock and improve vehicle control during sudden braking especially on slippery road surfaces. In this paper, a variable structure controller has been designed to deal with the strong nonlinearity in the design of ABS controller. The controllers such as PID used as the inner loop controller and fuzzy Logic as outer loop controller to develop as ABS model to control the stopping distance and longitudinal slip of the wheel

Path tracking controller of an autonomous armoured vehicle using modified Stanley controller optimized with particle swarm optimization

This study presents the development and optimization of a proposed path tracking controller for an autonomous armoured vehicle. A path tracking control is developed based on an established Stanley controller for autonomous vehicles. The basic controller is modified and applied on a non-linear, 7degree-of-freedom armoured vehicle model, and consists of various modules such as handling model, tire model, engine, and transmission model. The controller is then optimized using particle swarm optimization algorithm to select the optimum set of controller parameters. The main motivation of this study is that implementation of path tracking control on an autonomous armoured vehicle is still very limited and it is important to have a specific study on this field due to the different dynamics and properties of the armoured vehicle compared to normal passenger vehicles. Several road courses are considered and the performance of the developed controller in guiding the vehicle along these courses was compared against the original Stanley Controller. It was found that the optimized controller managed to improve the overall lateral error throughout the courses with 24–96% reduction in lateral error. Also, the optimization for the proposed controller was found to converge faster than its counterpart with up to 93% better solution

Analysis of Automated Emergency Braking System to Investigate Forward Collision Condition Using Scenario-Based Virtual Assessment

In the recent trend of automotive technologies, active safety systems for vehicles have become one ofthe key elements to reduce road traffic conditions. Automated vehicles are known as one of the active safetysystems to minimize road traffic congestion and unwanted road hazardous situations. Generally, automatedvehicles are designed using advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) technology to enhance the safetycapability of the vehicles. Moreover, automated vehicles are designed to adopt multiple scenarios with differenttypes of traffic situations. Generally, the performance of automated vehicles is evaluated to adapt with various roadconditions and different type of traffic conditions, autonomously. Nonetheless, most of the safety testing wasconducted in a controlled environment and with less traffic conditions. Moreover, this technology is tested indeveloped countries and mostly evaluated for highway driving scenarios, with less pedestrians and motorist’s roadusers. On the other hand, in developing countries such as Malaysia, most of the automotive researchers haveinitiated research related to automated vehicle based on controlled environment only. One of the primary focusesfor the current automotive researchers is to reduce road accidents due to frontal collision. Thus, automatedemergency braking systems have been heavily investigated by most developers to minimize road accidents. Mostof the researchers analyze the system in terms of theoretical based simulation and tested using actual vehicle forphysical testing. However, this type of testing is not sufficient to optimize the performance of automatedemergency braking systems for developing countries. Therefore, this study focuses on scenario-based virtualassessment to evaluate the capability of autonomous vehicles using automated emergency braking system withoutcausing road casualties with the distance range is 4.5m to 0.5m depending on vehicle speed. &nbsp

Analysis of Automated Emergency Braking System to Investigate Forward Collision Condition Using Scenario-Based Virtual Assessment

In the recent trend of automotive technologies, active safety systems for vehicles have become one ofthe key elements to reduce road traffic conditions. Automated vehicles are known as one of the active safetysystems to minimize road traffic congestion and unwanted road hazardous situations. Generally, automatedvehicles are designed using advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) technology to enhance the safetycapability of the vehicles. Moreover, automated vehicles are designed to adopt multiple scenarios with differenttypes of traffic situations. Generally, the performance of automated vehicles is evaluated to adapt with various roadconditions and different type of traffic conditions, autonomously. Nonetheless, most of the safety testing wasconducted in a controlled environment and with less traffic conditions. Moreover, this technology is tested indeveloped countries and mostly evaluated for highway driving scenarios, with less pedestrians and motorist’s roadusers. On the other hand, in developing countries such as Malaysia, most of the automotive researchers haveinitiated research related to automated vehicle based on controlled environment only. One of the primary focusesfor the current automotive researchers is to reduce road accidents due to frontal collision. Thus, automatedemergency braking systems have been heavily investigated by most developers to minimize road accidents. Mostof the researchers analyze the system in terms of theoretical based simulation and tested using actual vehicle forphysical testing. However, this type of testing is not sufficient to optimize the performance of automatedemergency braking systems for developing countries. Therefore, this study focuses on scenario-based virtualassessment to evaluate the capability of autonomous vehicles using automated emergency braking system withoutcausing road casualties with the distance range is 4.5m to 0.5m depending on vehicle speed. &nbsp

Modelling and control of a fixed calliper-based electronic wedge brake

This paper presents a new design of an electronic fixed calliper-based wedge brake system. The movement of both sides of the brake piston is activated by a wedge block mechanism. The proposed fixed calliper-based electronic wedge brake system is a class of hydraulic-free device. The mechanism consists of two sets of wedge blocks, a ball screw drive shaft, a sliding beam and an electric motor. In this mechanism, the rotation of the shaft of the electric motor is converted into linear motion by using a ball screw drive shaft while the linear motion of the drive shaft will force the sliding beam to be displaced linearly. This will activate the wedge mechanism, which will cause the pad to be displaced tangentially to the disc brake. The movement of the pad in pressing the disc will generate clamping force and produce brake torque when the wheel rotates. In this study, the mathematical model of the system that generates the clamping force was identified. The model was based on a second order transfer function. The proposed mathematical model was then validated experimentally using a brake test rig installed with several sensors and input-output (10) device. The performance of the brake mechanism in term of rotational input of the drive shaft and clamping force produced by the brake were observed. Accordingly, a torque tracking proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control of the system was proposed and studied through simulation and experiment. Comparisons between experimental results and model responses were made. It is found that the trend between simulation results and experimental data are similar, with an acceptable level of error